One of the rhetorical figures that are described in Chapter 5 is a metaphor. It is an integral part of our language, but also an artistic expression of the trope. I believe the poem called Diving Into The Wreck is consisted out of many metaphors. My attention grabbed, for instance, the part where it is written: we are the half-destroyed instruments. (Diving into the Wreck, Adrienne Rich) I think this metaphor is indicating that even we function ostensibly normally, during our lifetime, we are getting experiences that are harming us not only physically, but especially physically. If somebody will badly disappoint us or hurt us, our trust will probably be harmed. In the future, then, after our experiences, we will be more careful and maybe even unfair or skeptical towards other people that do not have anything to do with our past. We can still feel or have all kinds of emotions, but the emotions are usually somehow affected by our previous experiences.

Jonathan Culler emphasized that Aristotle believed poetry was a way of letting go of any intense emotions, and from the out burst of emotions the ignorance that once took part of a persons life now became knowledge to themselves and to others. While reading “The Sea is History “ Derek Walcott starts off by asking a rhetorical question“Where are your monuments, your battles, martyrs? Where is your tribal memory? Sirs,”and than continues to point out specific events in history that took away people’s joy, freedom, tragic events kept happening one after the other and how time went by with no change being made until years past by.

Now when we look back at these events we see them as history and we learned from the mistakes that happened and it really impressed me because I never really thought of poetry in this way I always assumed poetry would be romantic or help describe a joyful event in someone’s life.

As Culler describes the relationship between poetics and rhetoric as “allies” it shouldn’t be much of a surprise that many poems happen to use a lot of rhetorical figures. In regards to the two poems we read, it is easy to find metaphor, as they tend to be quite common in literature, and most of us have been aware of their existence since we were in grade school. As I wrote in my annotation for Adrienne Rich’s “Diving into the wreck”, the metaphor that I pulled out was when Rich stated “the thing I came for: the wreck and not the story of the wreck the thing itself and not the myth”. As I have already written in my annotation, I believe that the distinction that Rich makes between the wreck and its myth is comparable to the distinction between our world, and what we are told about it. We’ve come to explore the wreck to see it for itself, not to see what we’ve been told. Exploring the wreck is compared to experiencing the world we live in. Whereas, the myth is all that we are told about the world. The different experiences that we as individuals, have written down or told others about. In order to truly understand others, just listening doesn’t work for everyone, some of us would understand better if we lived it. Although I am certain there are a few of the other rhetorical figures hidden in Rich’s work, I could not find any as my eye’s feel a bit untrained.

In chapter 5, Jonathan Culler has described the importance of both poetry and rhetoric, which are totally different from each other, and also how they are connected to each other. There are a few important rhetorical figures, where some theorists believe that is important in both rhetoric and poetry. These are metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, and irony. Among this technique, I personally believe that irony is an interesting technique that is used in the poem.

For example, in the poem called “The Sea is History” the First stanza and the second line where they have used the word “Sirs”, which is actually plural forms, means must be more than one voice indicate of being two males in the poem, with a little use of Irony.

        In chapter five, Jonathan Culler uses one word to refer to another to express the rhetorical devices of poetry. I think this chapter is interesting compared with other chapters. In my opinion, rhetoric as a language or literary technique is very attractive. For example, if we read an article, if the whole article is to narrate the facts and the process, we will only feel a lot of boring facts and data without emotion. The article needs to be decorated to make the readers interested, which can quickly attract the attention of the readers and have the motivation to read. In my personal opinion, I think some special rhetorical skills can make a thing more vivid, and it can break the limitations of the rigid description. Therefore, I think a successful article or poem can make people feel the flexibility of words. The author hopes to arouse the reader’s emotional resonance. In this chapter, the author puts forward the writing technique of metaphor, which is used by many poems to express a special signal of emotion or situation. I think this technique can be used more in writing, which will make our articles more hierarchical.

In chapter 5, The author explains the technique of rhetoric or poetry.This chapter is also quite interesting.Rhetoric, as a language or literary technique, is very appealing.Rhetoric can quickly build emotions and move others.Of course, as a language skill, especially as a skill, it will make the original words less stable, it also need to consider the meaning behind the words.This could makes the use of rhetoric in the wrong way will be deceptive. However,because rhetoric breaks through the inherent limitations of words, the use of this technique is apt in poetry.Metaphors, for example, come up a lot in poetry.Because of the special structure of poetry in literature, poetry is more about expressing an emotion or situation than it is about describing a story.Metaphor can better establish this kind of emotion for readers in poetry.

In Chapter 5 “Rhetoric, Poetics and Poetry” by Jonathan Culler, Culler has discussed the relationship between rhetoric, poetic, and poetry. He introduces four master tropes which are metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, and irony.  A metaphor is the most powerful way to express the author’s ideas and emotions. And it is when you compare something to something else differently. By reading the poem called “Diving into the wreck” by Adrienne Rich, she uses metaphor several over the poem, “There is a ladder.The ladder is always there” the ladder here is what the society believes in the woman rights and her role as a part of it.  “book of myths” is the old fashioned ideas for how should the woman react and sideline her role as apart of the society. She mentioned the camera when you dive under the sea to explore the wreck to document what you will see, “treasure ” is the real heritage of the woman as a crucial part of the society in the history.  So the poem here is a very effective literature voice for the woman right, and a metaphor all over the poem inspires the reader’s imagination, which made the ideas of the writer easier to understand.

In Chapter 5 of Literary Theory, Johnathan Culler discusses how poetry and rhetoric are quite similar and yet very different in that poetry, while it uses rhetoric through the use of rhetorical figures and techniques (such as metaphor and metonymy), is more artistic and is used to evoke emotions of the reader.

One rhetorical technique that I have seen being used in Diving into the Wreck by Adrienne Rich is metaphor. Specifically, stanzas 6 and 7 which talk about the diver finally finding the wreck after swimming through the sea. I found the use of metaphor in these stanzas interesting because it was used in subtle ways to bring up the idea of how stories/myths can be remembered or forgotten throughout the course of history, whether by accident or on purpose.

When I read the chapter 5 of Rhetoric, Poetics, and Poetry by Culler, Culler explained that in poem there are four master troops where metal is used especially metonymy, metaphor, synecdoche, and irony. Metaphor compares to something, I think it is the most important strategy of poems and modern words. It can easily convince readers to share more effective information. In the poem of “The sea to history”, Derek Walcott uses here metaphor was a lot of things in the poem, he compares “the sea to history”, the whole poem ends with their belief in the ransom price of their freedom. It is difficult to understand that what he want without the background of culture and religion, but it can be felt by the most basic knowledge of the audience. Also, this method means and the poem spread the word of readers.

    In chapter 5, the author talks about poetry and rhetorics. Poetry tends to be more persuasive while rhetorics tends to be a more imitated alternative. In “The sea is history” by Derek Walcott, the beginning of the poem caught my attention because the metaphor interested me. Walcott states  “Where are your monuments, your battles, martyrs? Where is your tribal memory? Sirs, in that grey vault. The sea. The sea has locked them up. The sea is History.” He states that the sea is history and that really caught my attention. This example illustrates the extravagance of lyric because he is comparing history to a sea. There’s a level of exaggeration in these sentences because there’s no comparison between the sea and history. But what I think the author is trying to say when he basically compares the sea and history to one another is that both share a major similarity; many things can easily vanish in both. The sea is deep filled with many lost non-retractable items, much like history where things can easily slip and vanish. History as we know may not be the full truth of the history many people experienced because history is told from the perspective of those who are able to tell it; those who hold the power to write it.