A raisin in the Sun is a play with idealistic color, which is in opposition to the worship of money in the society. In the script, the characters in this family all share the same selfishness and expectations as the people in real life. However, they also have pride for race and hope to be respected, self-sacrifice for the family and the growth of the children. The characters in the play have their personal life details, but also their faith in family, love and race. The script is different from the novel in that it has a lot of dialogue and some scenes. This is because the audience can get to know the information conveyed on the stage for the first time. In the first act, they appear in an old, crowded house. This is the information that the story attaches to the characters, indicating that they are not a wealthy family. Their morning dialogue also shows the connection between the characters. The dialogue seems plain, and it feels like an ordinary family should say it. However, this is all artistically done, and in reality, such dialogue is unlikely to occur. Because in reality, people tend to pay more attention to actions than words. Dialogue, however, is the most direct and accurate way in which the script is communicated to the audience. And the characters in the script are at the heart of the story. For example, Walter showed his stubbornness and selfishness in some things. He was looking forward to an opportunity when his family could look up to him. His dream was shattered by an accident. Then he had to sell the house to appease his family. So Walter here was selfish for a reason. He valued his family, but he also hoped that his family could depend on him. In the end, he did not sell the house, because in addition to his family he had pride and faith in his race. This is also the education he received and the education he gave to his children.

In fact, the novel does not describe the mistreatment of slaves, but the slaves in the novel are more of a negative image. I have to say that the writer’s skill in writing is excellent. The author describes a slave owner as a victim, because the slave owner in the novel gives slaves certain freedom and does not restrain them, so the slave owner is a good person, even if he is a slave owner. Instead, slaves who rebelled for freedom killed and threatened their original masters. So slaves are bad and punished, so they deserve it. There is no logic to this!! The author is deliberately avoiding some things, the real events are often more brutal. Especially at the end of the novel, the author deeply reveals the evil deeds done by the slaves. This dilutes the fact that slave owners sold slaves. One of the interesting things about the novel, of course, is that the slaves who were supposed to be in charge took control of their masters, and the slave owners became the slaves’ hostages. This is also the author is playing down the differences between the two classes. There is no difference between them. When their positions are reversed and they become slaves of the upper class, they also suppress the slave owners of the lower class. It doesn’t matter what race, color or nationality, because it’s human nature. There are actually no really good people in this novel, and I don’t think any of them deserve sympathy, even Delano. Delano’s arrogance and hypocrisy. From beginning to end, Delano sees himself in the way of a hero. He was not kind; he was merely taking advantage of his lofty position to pity the poor. I don’t think he was doing justice when he finally got the ship back, for there is really no justice in such things. He simply did not allow his authority to be threatened.

I tried to write a few plays because of my major. I think the biggest difficulty in making a story is to create contradictions or conflicts in the story. When I saw that the stories I had written before had some problems, especially the conflicts in the stories. The most fascinating part of a story is the problems that arise in the story. Because there is a problem in the story, both the reader and the character will think something. How to deal with this problem? Or who is going to deal with this problem? It is easy to establish the plot of a story and the emotions of the characters in the story. But it is also the most difficult part of writing. Writers with little creative experience, like myself, often describe the problems that arise in a story as very large or without obvious twists and turns. Overstating the problems that arise in the story will make the story impractical, because the character will break away from the original story while someone is dealing with the problems. The conflict in the story is not described, leaving the reader bored.

Culler explains in the “What stories do” section, that narrative is used to :

1. People have a desire for cognition. They are curious about the unknown things and eager to find out the truth so as to satisfy their desire.
2. Stories are created by imitating real life.Twisting real life plots gives people a sense of pleasure.
3. Stories bring people knowledge to know the world. The author describes the world in a story because the author has unique skills to observe the world, and readers learn to understand the world from more angles through reading.

In chapter 5, The author explains the technique of rhetoric or poetry.This chapter is also quite interesting.Rhetoric, as a language or literary technique, is very appealing.Rhetoric can quickly build emotions and move others.Of course, as a language skill, especially as a skill, it will make the original words less stable, it also need to consider the meaning behind the words.This could makes the use of rhetoric in the wrong way will be deceptive. However,because rhetoric breaks through the inherent limitations of words, the use of this technique is apt in poetry.Metaphors, for example, come up a lot in poetry.Because of the special structure of poetry in literature, poetry is more about expressing an emotion or situation than it is about describing a story.Metaphor can better establish this kind of emotion for readers in poetry.

After I read this chapter, In the process of analyzing literature, the author breaks down “literature” and analyzes the meanings given by sentences or words.Words have no real meaning, but are given meaning artificially.In my opinion, words tend to be a kind of symbol, and people’s cognition of such a symbol is often related to their experience or education, because people’s cognition of words is endowed with meaning, and the meaning is not significant with the words themselves.When Reading this article gave me an idea.Let’s say a person sees something blue, and it looks blue to him.Then the person tells the other person that this is blue, the color of melancholy.The other person sees the same thing, but it’s not blue in his eyes, it’s green.Because of his education or experience, he thinks that something he sees is “blue” even if it is not blue, and the green in his eyes is given a melancholy meaning.People experience things differently, even when facing the same thing.But the same thing can be given meaning and become a recognition.Another interesting point of this passage is that identifying literature is subject to subjective conditions.Even in the rational analysis of literature, from structure, sentences or words, this process is truly rational.However, the final conclusion from the word is that the word itself is subjective and perceptual, and its meaning is endowed by people.

After I read Chapter II “ What is Literature and Does It Matter ?” by Jonathan Culler. In my opinion, the most interesting part is “Literature as fiction”. This part tells the story that literary works project a fictional world, and this fictional world may be very different from the real world experience sometimes. As a carrier of thinking, literary works have gone beyond words as the way of narration. It seems to me that literature does not have a specific description or record of the real world like an instruction book or a newspaper. There is a space in the “fiction” of literature, just as authors build a world with their thoughts, when readers read, they will enter the “fiction” space of literature. At this time, the author and the reader are in contact, and each reader has a different experience, so the readers’ cognition of this “fictional” world is also different. Even though the same literary works have more possibilities among different readers.

1.After I read Jonathan Culler’s chapter on “What is literature and does it matter?,” the author gives a definition of literature,”Literature, is a speech act or textual event that elicits certain kinds of attention.” However, the definition is not very clear. In this chapter Culler refers to the difference between literature and non-literature, but there is no practical difference between the two to distinguish literature from non-literature. Because literature is defined subjectively, it depends on whether it is endowed with emotions and thoughts that transcend words and connect the author with the reader. I think defining literature is not necessary but it’s a positive thing.Because the distinction between literature is a subjective concept, masterpieces such as “Hamlet” “The Old Man and the Sea” must be called literature, but there are many more books or articles that fall somewhere between literature and non-literature.This can be controversial because everyone’s subjective impressions are different. So I don’t think it’s necessary to define literature. But when you want to read a good book, a literary book. We can look for it on a label. And when reading this book, as a reader, you can have a connection with an author you’ve never met before (who may have been far away from your country or left the world hundreds of years ago), so I think it’s a positive thing and a positive thing.

2.The question that stays with me as I read this chapter was,Is it true that when an article or a poem is defined as literature, its value is higher than that of non-literature? Is the “value” of literature imagined? Because the word does not change before and after it is defined as literature, but its value is changed.